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A Guide to Understanding Child Abuse Cases

A Guide to Understanding Child Abuse CasesWhat are Child Abuse Cases?

Child Abuse Cases are classified as the varying nature inherent within the wide – and circumstantial – expanses of child abuse offenses. Child abuse is defined as the purposeful and intentional mistreatment of a child, which can range from physical to verbal in nature; physical child abuse cases may include the attack or assault on a child or minor, which may also include child abuse sexual in nature – verbal child abuse cases may include mental and psychological child abuse. However, an overarching theme within Child Abuse Cases is the notion of neglect, which is the failure to provide a child with a sufficient and adequate environment of personal safety, wellbeing, and quality of life.

Classifications of Child Abuse Cases

Both the victims of child abuse, as well as the nature of the individual child abuse case will typically determine the classification of a child abuse case; while certain child abuse cases may be overwhelmingly damaging and egregious in nature, the nature of other Child Abuse Cases may be argues within a court of law – regardless, the abuse of a child in any form is considered to be an unethical, unlawful, and illegal offense that may be punishable to the fullest extent of the law:

Felony Child Abuse Cases

Felony Child Abuse Cases are defined by circumstances and events surrounding child abuse that are considered to retain overwhelming evidence that the alleged offender has placed a child in direct harm, which includes the immediate compromise of that child’s safety, the suffering of bodily harm or injury, or the subjection of that child to emotional or psychological damage:

In the event that a sexual child abuse takes place, it will typically be tried in accordance to the statutory legislation in conjunction with felonious Child Abuse Cases, despite the presence of presumed or immediate danger

Due to the fact that sexual activity involving a child is considered to be unlawful, illegal, and unethical, any engagement of a child in a sexual activity is considered to result in the placement of that child victim in immediate and overwhelming danger

Assumed Repercussions of Child Abuse Cases

Repercussions resulting from child abuse cases may vary with regard to the vast array of potential and prospective damage resulting from child abuse cases:

The addiction to and the abuse of both alcohol or narcotics are considered to result from child abuse; in many child abuse cases, victims of child abuse become addicted or reliant on such substances as a means of coping with the trauma and damage experienced as a result of the child abuse offense

Psychological and Mental disorders are also considered to result from child abuse; a wide range of mental and emotional disorders – including depression, anxiety, and rage – have been identified as direct effects of child abuse cases

Getting Help for Child Abuse Cases

Individuals whom have been victims, made aware of, or witnessed child abuses are encouraged to contact their local authorities or law enforcement department in order to report the details of the offense. In the event that an individual wishes to do so in an anonymous fashion, they should contact the Department of Child Protective Services immediately at (800) 422-4453

10 Fact About Child Abuse That You Must Know

10 Fact About Child Abuse That You Must KnowWhat is Child Abuse?

Child Abuse is defined as the mistreatment of children or minors, resulting in a variety of harmful and damaging results with regard to both the safety and wellbeing of the victim. Child abuse can range in the details and circumstances in which the offense takes place; child abuse can take place in a direct, physical fashion, which includes attacks and sexual assault – however, child abuse can take place verbally and psychologically. Regardless of the nature of the child abuse offense, results of this kind of abuse may result in negative aftereffects, both short-term and long-term in nature; a wide variety of Facts About Child Abuse exist, which state that victims of child abuse are prone to physical injury, bodily harm, the development of mental and psychological disorders, and in certain cases – death.

10 Facts About Child Abuse You Must Know

The following Facts About Child Abuse illustrate the devastating results and alarming statistics with regard to child abuse offenses taking place within modernity:

Facts About Child Abuse #1

Neglect is cited as the primary type of child abuse most prevalent throughout the world, reaching figures of almost 60% of the entirety of child abuse cases.

Facts About Child Abuse #2

Reports have stated that upwards of 4 children suffer death on daily basis as a result of their subjection to child abuse.

Facts About Child Abuse #3

Studies released illustrate that female victims of child abuse are almost 25% more likely to become pregnant as teenagers.

Facts About Child Abuse #4

With regard to the female inmate population, upwards of 30% of females incarcerated have reported being victims of child abuse; with regard to the male inmate population, upwards of 13% of males incarcerated have been reported as being victims of child abuse – children who have been the victims of child abuse are almost 60% more likely to engage in juvenile criminal activity .

Facts About Child Abuse #5

Facts About Child Abuse reflect that almost 60% of individuals both in treatment and in recovery for substance abuse have been the victims of Child Abuse

Facts About Child Abuse #6

Child abuse is reported as being a gateway for future child abuse offenses; reports illustrate that upwards of 30% of children abused will engage in some form of child abuse with regard to their own children.

Facts About Child Abuse #7

Upwards of 75% of teenagers who were the victims of child abuse were found to suffer from mental and psychological disorders upon analysis.

Facts About Child Abuse #8

Children who have been victims of child abuse are reported as being upwards of 50% more likely to abuse alcohol or develop alcohol dependency.

Facts About Child Abuse #9

Facts About Child Abuse  report that almost 90% of child abusers were known by their victims; within this statistic, upwards of 65% were named as family members of the victim.

Facts About Child Abuse #10

Reports of child abuse – on a global level – are received at a staggering rate; a new child abuse case is reported almost every 15 seconds.

What are Child Abuse Pictures

What are Child Abuse PicturesWhat are Child Abuse Pictures?

Child Abuse Pictures are depictions of child abuse cases through the use of pictorials and photography. Due to the fact that child abuse takes place within a variety of settings, actions, and classifications, Child Abuse Pictures can serve to provide testimony and evidence with regard to the illustration – as well as the proliferation of awareness – of child abuses cases and violence.

Why Are Child Abuse Pictures Taken?

The act of raising awareness with regard to both the prevention child abuse offenses, as well as the advocacy for victims of child abuse can be undertaken through the depiction of child abuse pictures; the spreading of this type of media may contribute to individuals who have been the victims of child abuse to be made aware that they are in fact victims, in addition to providing evidential and physical testimony portraying the devastation and destruction resulting from child abuse:

Child Abuse Pictures  reflecting experiences involving child abuse serve as invaluable resources and information with regard to other individual victims who are experiencing child abuse; child abuse pictures may serve to ensure that victims do not feel as though they are isolated or alone – the ability to relate with other victims may prove to be a valuable recuperative ideology for the victims of child abuse

Child Abuse pictures may also serve to provide evidence-based testimony with regard to the investigation – and subsequent prosecution – of child abuse offenders; the depiction of these egregious offenses will allow for law enforcement agents – as well as legal officials – to be able to observe the true nature of the destruction that results from child abuse violations

Types of Child Abuse Pictures

Child Abuse – in conjunction to Child Abuse Pictures – will typically vary in nature, setting, victims, offenders, and measures undertaken; however, Child Abuse Pictures are traditionally applicable to victims of physical child abuse, due to the fact of the observable damage and bodily injury sustained by the victims of this type of child abuse:

Physical Child Abuse Pictures

Physical Child Abuse Pictures is will typically depict the conclusions of physical attacks or assaults on a child through the use of force, violence, or any other variety of physical means intended to cause bodily harm.

Sexual Child Abuse Pictures

Sexual Child Abuse Pictures involve the observable depiction of the damage resulting from the illegal engagement of a child in illicit, unlawful, and unethical sexual activity; Child Abuse Pictures illustrating child abuse sexual in nature may mirror those latent within both physical abuse and emotional abuse; sexual child abuse may range in result – this can include both bodily harm or emotional trauma.

Child Abuse Pictures and Getting Help

In the event that you have been abused, are aware of child abuse currently taking place, or are aware of child abuse that has taken place in the past, you are encouraged to contact the Child Abuse Hotline through their toll-free telephone number: 1-800-4-A-CHILD or 1-800-422-4453; all calls are kept confidential and private. In addition, within the Child Abuse Hotline website exist a vast array of information, resources, and Child Abuse Pictures that may be viewed.

What are Child Abuse Stories

What are Child Abuse StoriesWhat are Child Abuse Stories?

Child Abuse Stories are recounts of experiences in which individuals who have been the victims of Child Abuse have expressed in order to report the details and circumstances of their respective victimization; while the nature and specifics of Child Abuse Stories will typically vary both in nature, as well as severity, they serve to provide support and informational resources with regard to the proliferation of awareness and preventative measures undertaken with regard to Child Abuse.

Child Abuse Stories may be shared within a vast array of forums or settings, which can include lectures, workshops, focus groups, literature, and seminars – all of which may allow for the abuse suffered by victims of child abuse to serve as sources of assistance and education for victims, activists, and concerned individuals.

Types of Child Abuse Stories

Child Abuse Stories may involve a variety of circumstances and events that span the scope of charges and offenses inherent within child abuse; due to the expansive nature of this crime, Child Abuse Stories can include the mention and depiction of child abuse sexual, physical, emotional, and psychological in nature – all of which are criminal acts leaving devastation, damage, and harm in their wake:

Physical Child Abuse Stories

Physical Child Abuse Stories may include the assault, attack, and harming of a child or minor through the use of force, violence, or any other variety of physical means intended for bodily harm; this type of child abuse can result from a variety of causes – these types of Child Abuse Stories may share common themes, such as a family history of physical abuse, the presence of domestic violence, the abuse of alcohol and narcotics.

Emotional and Psychological Child Abuse Stories

Emotional and Psychological Child Abuse Stories will typically include the verbal or emotional debasement of a child; however, this nature of child abuse is considered to be amongst the most difficult to identify

Sexual Child Abuse Stories

Sexual Child Abuse Stories may contain depictions of abuse sexual in nature involving the a sexual act with a child – a form of Child Abuse is considered to be predatory and exploitative in nature

Child Abuse Stories of Neglect

Child Abuse Stories including the neglect of a child may include parental delinquency with regard to the well-being and welfare of a child, which can include behaviors involving abandonment, disregard, and rejection of a child

Sharing Child Abuse Stories

Due to the ages of the victims, punishment for child abuse is amongst the most severe; as a result, Child Abuse Stories may serve as invaluable resources and information with regard to other individual victims who are experiencing child abuse. However, victims of child abuse – prior to sharing their Child Abuse Stories in a textual setting – are encouraged to contact the Department of Child Protective Services immediately at (800) 422-4453 in order to receive immediate help and support.

Child Abuse

Child Abuse

What is Child Abuse?
 
 
Child Abuse is a criminalact that is defined as an overarching mismanagement, mishandling, and action with regard to the treatment of a child or an individual legally-classified as a minor. Child Abuse can range in its classification; oftentimes, the abuse of a child will be indicative of two specific factors – the examination and legal restitution corollary to the nature of the crime committed, as well as the inclusion of a minor within the realm of the crime committed. Child Abuse may be punishable to the fullest extent of the law as a result of the legal consideration that the prospect of manipulation, exploitation, and vulnerability latent within minors – or children – will vastly-exceed that in a legal adult.
 
 
What is a Minor?
 
 
A minor, as defined by social constructs and a jurisdiction's legal framework, is a young person. Depending on the jurisdiction, a minor can be regarded as an individual under the age of 18, 17 or 16. Regardless of the specific age, a minor is a person who is legally prohibited from engaging in specific activities that are presumed to require a heightened sense of maturity. A minor is prohibited from participating in the following activities:
 
 
    Consenting to sexual activity
 
 
    Purchasing controlled substances
 
 
    Authorizing a legal contract through signature
 
 
    Partaking in the consumption of controlled substances 
 
 
    Validating participation in an activity or event that requires the presence of a legal guardian
 
 
    Representing themselves in a court of law
 
 
Types of Child Abuse
 
 
Below are some examples of the most common forms of Child Abuse; depending on the crime, a Child Abuse conviction may exist in tandem with another criminal activity or unlawful act:
 
 
Child Endangerment: The endangerment of a child is a form of Child Abuse in which a legal adult compromises the welfare, safety, or wellbeing with regard to a child – or minor. This can take place in a variety of circumstances under which a presiding court mandates that the child – or children in question was participatory in an event that put their respective wellbeing at risk; this can range from the unlawful purchase of controlled substances for minors to the reckless operation of a motor vehicle carrying a child.
 
 
Child Molestation: This form of Child Abuse involves unlawful, and illicit touching of a minor. The majority of child molestation charges are sexual in nature. These crimes are attached with severe punishments.
 
 
Physical Child Abuse: This form of Child Abuse involves the unlawful striking, hitting, or illicit physical contact with regard to a child; the intent to harm a child is considered to be latent within the intent of the bulk of those convicted of committing physical child abuse.
 
 
Emotional or Psychological Child Abuse: This form of Child Abuse involves any form of verbal abuse with regard to a child – or minor; Verbal Child Abuse is considered to be highly-destructive to the health, wellbeing, and emotional stasis of a minor – this type of child abuse can range from insults to name-calling
 
 
Sexual Child Abuse:This form of child abuse involves the engagement of sexual acts with a child. Because of the child's minor status, the youth is legally-prohibited from consenting to a sexual act. Sexual child abuse–which in essence is rape of a minor–is considered to be predatory in nature. There are several forms of sexual Child Abuse, including: statutory rape to the possession of child pornography.

Former Preschool Worker Gets 70 Years for Exploitation

Former Preschool Worker Gets 70 Years for Exploitation


On November 30, 2012, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced that Corey James Loftin, a former preschool worker, received 70 years in federal prison and a lifetime of supervised release for sexual exploitation of a child.  Loftin also posted babysitting ads on the internet.  


Loftin pleaded guilty on May 31, 2012 to one count of sexually exploiting a minor, two counts of attempting sexual exploitation of a minor, one count of enticing a minor, one count of possessing images of minors engaged in sexual activities, and one count of distributing images of minors engaged in sexual conduct.  


During his plea agreement, Loftin admitted that he communicated with two minor females by computer from 2008 to April 29, 2011.  The girls were both 7 years of age during the first communication.  Loftin also sent text messages to Michael Bonsignore from Pennsylvania to request that he record himself engaging in sex acts with one or both of the female victims.  


Bonsignore is being prosecuted in the Middle District of Pennsylvania.  


Loftin also admitted to taking photographs of two minor females with his cell phone at a San Diego preschool from March 15, 2010 to January 17, 2011.  


John Morton, the ICE’s Director, stated: “While no prison sentence can ever compensate for the physical and emotional harm caused by online child predators, this lengthy jail term should serve as a sobering warning about the consequences for those who use the Internet to prey on the most vulnerable members of our society.  Online predators who believe cyberspace protects them from detection are mistaken.”  


The state case was prosecuted by the San Diego County District Attorney’s Office.  Loftin faced multiple counts of child molestation at the state level.  The federal case was prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Alessandra P. Serano.  


Source: Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Consequences of Child Abuse

Consequences of Child Abuse

What is the Legal Definition of Child Abuse?
The illegal act of child abuse is formally defined as the general mishandling–through unlawful wrongdoing, neglect, or unethical activity–of a minor or child. As a result of this loaded definition, child abuse can range in severity and in nature; child abuse can be a physical, emotional or psychological attack on a minor or child. Additionally, any neglectful act that results in death, physical or emotional harm, exploitation or sexual abuse constitutes child abuse.
The legal definition of “what is child abuse” will differentiate between jurisdictions; the varying interpretations of “what is child abuse” are instituted to develop a qualification system in regards to removing a child from his or her family and or placing a criminal charge on the aggressor. 
Types of Child Abuse
Child abuse is any physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of a child; in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have defined child abuse as any act or series of acts of omission or commission instituted by a parent or caregiver that directly results in harm or a threat of harm to the child in question. In addition to the aforementioned types of child abuse, the United States federal government has also classified any neglectful act directed towards a child as a distinct form of abuse. 
Neglect, in regards to what is child abuse, is described as any delinquent act with regard to the well-being and welfare of the child—these actions can include disregard, rejection or abandonment. As a result of this definition, a neglectful act can take place in conjunction with the aforementioned child abuse offenses.
Due to the ages of the underlying victims, the punishments attached to child abuse convictions are typically severe; the key characteristic of a child abuse charge is that the victim of the assault—whether emotional, physical or psychological abuse—is under the age of maturity. 
What are the Punishments attached to a Child Abuse Conviction?
The age of the victim in a child abuse situation is the predominant factor to yield appropriate charges; although child abuse is typically defined as abuse directed towards a minor, the severity of the conviction and subsequent punishment will rely heavily on the respective age of the victim. Furthermore, the level of severity, meaning the direct harm placed on the child, will elucidate upon the punishments; for instance, if the abuse was so severe that it precipitated a death, the aggressor will invariably be charged to a maximum prison sentence. In turn, instances of emotional abuse, such as perpetual name calling, will typically warrant a civil punishment, such as the termination of custody or caretaking rights and not a criminal sentence. 
What is the legal definition of a Child?
As stated before, the fundamental element of a child abuse case– in conjunction with the tangible delivery of sexual, emotional, psychological or physical pain through omission or commission—is that the victim in question is a minor or child. As defined by law, a child is any individual who is prohibited from engaging in specific activities, which are reserved for those who carry a heightened sense of maturity and growth as a result of their respective age. Typically, this level of experience and maturity is considered to be a fundamental characteristic of legal-adult hood. 

Child Labor

Child Labor

What constitutes Child Labor?
Child labor refers to the sustained employment of minors. The practice of employing children is ruled as exploitative by many organizations and as a result child labor practices are illegal in the majority of developed nations. 
Children are typically employed as a cost-efficient means; child workers are paid below minimum wage and stricken to unsuitable working environments. These characteristics enabled corporations to continue production while cutting costs in the form of decreased wages and diminished working environments.Child labor was utilized to varying extents, but became an issue of fervent debate, through the general advancement of human rights. 
During the Industrial Revolution, employers and governmental bodies grew conscious of working environments and employee rights. This newfound sentimenteventually paved the way for the creation of children’s rights.
Any employer who hires a youth under the age of majority will be considered a participant in child labor. This framework is not meant to discourage high school students or those under the age of 18 from seeking employment; child labor laws inspect not only the age of the worker, but the conditions, wages and hours which they work under. Furthermore, child labor laws were instituted to dissuade those corporations or employers from impeding a child in his or her educational quest; typically employers  who engage in illegal child labor, prevent a youth from seeking education, which in turn, prevents them from achieving their individual goals in the future.
According to the United Nations, a minor, is considered any person under the age of 18. This definition will vary based on jurisdiction, but the term “sustained labor” universally refers to any form of full time employment. To be considered child labor (as oppose to simple work experience), the child must be impeded from attending school because of a demanding work schedule. 
Problems with Child Labor
Based on the law of the United States, minors are not empowered to make independent choices, so as a result, the majority of children engaged in child labor are forced into their employment. Those typically besieged bychild labor are exploited for their work and their low pay requirements. In these instances of unjust enforcement, child labor is more closely aligned with slavery than generic work experience. 
The wages earned (if any at all) are typically not kept by the children, but instead, delivered to their family members. Child labor is prevalent in poverty-stricken areas; a family will seek work for their child to add an income-earner to the household. 
Child labor often forced children to work obscene hours—employment that commonly extended beyond 15 hours a day. Such a work schedule impeded children from seeking an education and thus achieving advancement in desired future prospects. Furthermore, the working conditions were often inhumane and dangerous for child workers. 
Laws Associated with Child Labor
The United States (along with other developed nations) instituted a series of laws to protect children against inhumane employment. Child labor, due to the poor working conditions and exhausting hours, is a dangerous activity. Not only does child labor impede a youth’s growth, but constant exposure to poor working conditions and gases or fumes typically aligned with the manufacturing business, could physically damage a child’s health.
Child labor laws instituted a cap on the amount of hours a child can work. These laws which are instituted by the United States Federal Government distribute liability to the employer taking part in such a predatory practice. 
Child labor laws are classified based on industry, age, and the presence of hazardous vs. non-hazardous materials. These laws also instituted time limits for child workers as well as minimum wage requirements. A failure to follow these laws will result in criminal charges and the termination of the respective service or business.

Important Facts About Abused Children

Important Facts About Abused ChildrenWhat are ‘Abused Children’?

Abused children are classified as children victims who have been subjected to the mistreatment, mishandling, and debasement as a result of attacks and assaults undertaken by child abuse offenders; abused children can include the following categorization with regard to their victimization and subjugation to the specific form of abuse. In addition, neglect is described as delinquency with regard to the well-being and welfare of a child, which can include abandonment, disregard, and rejection – neglect can take place in conjunction to a variety of child abuse offenses.

Types of Abused Children

Abused Children can be victimized by a wide variety of child abuse offense, which may be psychological, physical, emotional, and sexual in nature:

Abused Children victimized by emotional or psychological abuse may have been subjected to verbal or emotional debasement – while this type of child abuse can be the most difficult to observe, it is an extremely serious offense

Abused Children victimized by physical abuse may have been subjected to attacks or assaults facilitated by force, violence, or any other variety of physical means intended for bodily harm

Abused Children victimized by sexual abuse may have been subjected to the engagement in sexual activity; the involvement of children in any type of sexual activity is considered to be illegal, predatory, and exploitative in nature

The Classification of an Abused Child as a Minor

An abused child legally classified as a minor is defined as such, due to the fact that this child is an individual who is prohibited from engaging in specific activity that is presumed to require a heightened sense of maturity and growth in conjunction to a respective age. With regard to an age of consent, this level of maturity and experience is considered to serve as a classification measure inherent to the determination of legal-adulthood; a minor is prohibited from the following events and activities:

The consent to any or all nature of sexual activity, including intercourse, copulation, performance, or depiction

The ability to construct, endorse, or participate in the procedures latent within the formation of a legal contract

The purchase, consumption, or usage of controlled substances, which include tobacco, firearms, and alcohol

The ability to be considered as self-sufficient and autonomous; individuals considered to be the respective legal guardians of children are required to provide for a sufficient quality of life, participation in a system of education, shelter, water, and nourishment

Sexually Abused Children

The following facts are pertinent to sexually abused children:

Sexually Abused Children are considered to be more apt for participation in unsafe sexual practices; studies show that individuals sexually abused as children are 300% more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases

Studies show that upwards of 25% of females will have been victimized by sexual abuse before they reach 18 years of age; upwards of 15% of males will have been victimized by sexual abuse before reaching 18 years of age

Assistance for Abused Children

In the event that you or someone you know has been the victim of child abuse, you are encouraged to contact the National Child Abuse Hotline through their toll-free telephone number: (800) 422-4453.

An Exploration of the Causes of Child Abuse

An Exploration of the Causes of Child AbuseWhat are the Causes of Child Abuse?

The identification of specific events and circumstances perceived to act as catalysts and Causes of Child Abuse has been a goal of sociologists, psychiatrists, behavioral specialists, medical professionals, counselors, and law enforcement agents.

However, due to the expansive nature of child abuse – resulting from the wide variety of settings, abusers, details, nature, and victims of child abuse – a definitive classification of the Causes of Child Abuse has proven to be elusive within modernity; yet, behavioral sciences, law enforcement, and medical specialists have made vast advances with regard to development of proven and founded parameters with regard to an overarching identification of the Causes of Child Abuse.

Although the validity of the Causes of Child Abuse may never be infallible, the structural framework with regard to studies of child abuse has undergone – and continues to undergo – expansive leaps and bounds.

Overarching Causes of Child Abuse

The varying nature of child abuse will oftentimes coincide with characteristics innate within the individual abusers – however, certain abusers will prove to be anomalies with regard to the Causes of Child Abuse undertaken by them. Many professionals within an expanse of educational fields have convened with regard to the identification of similar qualities and catalysts to which many abusers conform:

A past history of household abuse, which may range from witnessing domestic violence to being the victim of abuse or violence has been considered as one of the primary contributing factors to the Causes of Child Abuse; the imprinting of violent and abusive tendencies on children within their respective developmental and impressionable stages is weighed heavily within this process of determination

The consumption and abuse of both alcohol or narcotics is considered to be contributory to the Causes of Child Abuse; individuals who are addicted or reliant on such substances are more prone to erratic changes of mood, altered emotional states, and blurred synthesis of action and information – in certain cases, these Causes of Child Abuse may be used as excuses by individuals committing the abuse

Psychological and Mental disorders are considered to be contributory Causes of Child Abuse; however, within the scope of such disorders and diseases exist an expansive list of potential conditions that may affect interpersonal interactions undertaken by individuals – disorders involving a heightened sense depression, anger, and rage may result in a higher likelihood of child abuse

A Message to Abused Children

Amongst the many potential and prospective Causes of Child Abuse, the victims are never considered to be in any way contributory, responsible, or at fault; although the perpetrators of child abuse may provide their victims with reasoning and explanation citing the respective involvement of the victim, a victim of child abuse is never at fault. Child abuse – in addition to the various Causes of Child Abuse – can result in mental, physical, emotional, and developmental damage requiring a host of measures of restitution. Individuals who consider themselves to be prone to child abuse – as abuser or victim – are encouraged seek immediate assistance by contacting the Department of Child Protective Services immediately at (800) 422-4453.

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